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JLPT N4 - Grammar Patterns & Kanji

Master essential JLPT N4 grammar patterns and conquer crucial N4 kanji with this high-yield flashcard deck. Elevate your Japanese proficiency for intermediate communication and exam success!

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Term

JLPT N4 Grammar: ~te iru (〜ている)

Definition

Expresses an action in progress, a continuous state/result, or a habitual action.
Formation: Verb te-form + いる
Usage 1 (Action in progress): 今、本を読んでいます。(I am reading a book now.)
Usage 2 (Continuous state/result): 彼は結婚しています。(He is married.) / 窓が開いています。(The window is open.)
Usage 3 (Habitual action): 毎日日本語を勉強しています。(I study Japanese every day.)

Term

JLPT N4 Grammar: ~nagara (〜ながら)

Definition

Expresses two actions performed simultaneously by the same subject, with the main action usually coming last.
Formation: Verb stem (ます-form without ます) + ながら
Example: 音楽を聞きながら、勉強します。(I study while listening to music.)
Example: 彼は歌いながら、歩いています。(He is walking while singing.)

Term

JLPT N4 Grammar: ~ba (〜ば) Conditional

Definition

Expresses a conditional "if... then..." relationship, often implying a natural consequence or a general truth.
Formation:
  • Group 1 Verbs: e-form + ば (例: 読む -> 読めば)
  • Group 2 Verbs: Verb stem + れば (例: 食べる -> 食べれば)
  • Irregular Verbs: する -> すれば, 来る -> 来れば
  • い-Adjectives: Remove い + ければ (例: 高い -> 高ければ)
  • な-Adjectives/Nouns: ならば (例: 暇 -> 暇ならば, 学生 -> 学生ならば)
Example: 時間があれば、映画を見に行きます。(If I have time, I'll go see a movie.)
Example: 安ければ、買います。(If it's cheap, I'll buy it.)

Term

JLPT N4 Grammar: Potential Form (~eru / ~rareru)

Definition

Expresses ability or possibility ("can do").
Formation:
  • Group 1 Verbs: Change final u to eru (例: 読む -> 読める - can read)
  • Group 2 Verbs: Remove ru + られる (例: 食べる -> 食べられる - can eat)
  • Irregular Verbs: する -> できる (can do), 来る -> 来られる (can come)
Particle Change: Often を changes to が (例: 日本語を話します -> 日本語が話せます - I can speak Japanese.)
Example: 私は漢字が書けます。(I can write kanji.)

Term

JLPT N4 Grammar: ~tari ~tari suru (〜たり〜たりする)

Definition

Expresses a list of representative actions, implying "do this, do that, and so on."
Formation: Verb ta-form + り, Verb ta-form + り + する
Example: 週末は、映画を見たり、本を読んだりします。(On weekends, I watch movies, read books, and so on.)
Example: 彼は笑ったり泣いたりしています。(He is laughing and crying, among other things.)

Term

JLPT N4 Grammar: ~yasui / ~nikui (〜やすい / 〜にくい)

Definition

Expresses ease or difficulty of doing something.
Formation: Verb stem (ます-form without ます) + やすい / にくい
Example (やすい): この本は読みやすいです。(This book is easy to read.)
Example (にくい): このペンは書きにくいです。(This pen is difficult to write with.)

Term

JLPT N4 Kanji: 東

Definition

Meaning: East
On'yomi: トウ (TŌ)
Kun'yomi: ひがし (higashi)
Vocab:
  • 東 (ひがし - east)
  • 東京 (とうきょう - Tokyo)
  • 東洋 (とうよう - the East/Orient)

Term

JLPT N4 Kanji: 西

Definition

Meaning: West
On'yomi: セイ, サイ (SEI, SAI)
Kun'yomi: にし (nishi)
Vocab:
  • 西 (にし - west)
  • 西洋 (せいよう - the West/Occident)
  • 関西 (かんさい - Kansai region)

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