Japanese JLPT N5 - Essential Vocabulary & Particles Flashcards

Question 1

Particle: は (wa)

Accepted Answer

Topic marker. It indicates the main topic of the sentence, often what is being talked about.
例：私は学生です。(Watashi wa gakusei desu.) - I am a student.

Question 2

Particle: が (ga)

Accepted Answer

Subject marker. It marks the grammatical subject, often used for new information, emphasis, or with certain verbs/adjectives.
例：猫がいます。(Neko ga imasu.) - There is a cat. (Focus on the cat's existence)

Question 3

Particle: を (o)

Accepted Answer

Direct object marker. It marks the direct object of a transitive verb.
例：水を飲みます。(Mizu o nomimasu.) - I drink water.

Question 4

Particle: に (ni)

Accepted Answer

Location (existence), time, direction, indirect object. It indicates where something exists, a specific time, or a destination/recipient.
例１：日本に行きます。(Nihon ni ikimasu.) - I go to Japan. (Direction)
例２：部屋に猫がいます。(Heya ni neko ga imasu.) - There is a cat in the room. (Location of existence)

Question 5

Particle: で (de)

Accepted Answer

Location (action), means/method, cause. It indicates where an action takes place, the means by which something is done, or a reason.
例１：駅で降ります。(Eki de orimasu.) - I get off at the station. (Location of action)
例２：バスで行きます。(Basu de ikimasu.) - I go by bus. (Means)

Question 6

Particle: へ (e)

Accepted Answer

Direction marker. Similar to に for direction, but emphasizes the general direction of movement rather than the specific destination itself.
例：学校へ行きます。(Gakkō e ikimasu.) - I go towards school.

Question 7

Particle: と (to)

Accepted Answer

"And" (exhaustive list), "with", "quotation". It connects nouns exhaustively, indicates accompaniment, or marks quoted speech.
例１：私とあなた。(Watashi to anata.) - Me and you.
例２：友達と話します。(Tomodachi to hanashimasu.) - I talk with a friend.

Question 8

私 (わたし)

Accepted Answer

I, me.
例：私は日本人です。(Watashi wa Nihonjin desu.) - I am Japanese.

Question 9

あなた (あなた)

Accepted Answer

You. (Often avoided in Japanese; use name + さん instead for politeness).

Question 10

日本 (にほん)

Accepted Answer

Japan.
例：日本は美しい国です。(Nihon wa utsukushii kuni desu.) - Japan is a beautiful country.

Question 11

学生 (がくせい)

Accepted Answer

Student.
例：彼は学生です。(Kare wa gakusei desu.) - He is a student.

Question 12

先生 (せんせい)

Accepted Answer

Teacher, master.
例：先生、おはようございます。(Sensei, ohayō gozaimasu.) - Good morning, teacher.

Question 13

食べる (たべる)

Accepted Answer

To eat. (Verb)
例：ご飯を食べます。(Gohan o tabemasu.) - I eat rice/a meal.

Question 14

飲む (のむ)

Accepted Answer

To drink. (Verb)
例：お茶を飲みます。(Ocha o nomimasu.) - I drink tea.

Question 15

行く (いく)

Accepted Answer

To go. (Verb)
例：会社に行きます。(Kaisha ni ikimasu.) - I go to the company.

Question 16

来る (くる)

Accepted Answer

To come. (Verb)
例：友達が来ます。(Tomodachi ga kimasu.) - A friend is coming.

Question 17

大きい (おおきい)

Accepted Answer

Big, large. (い-adjective)
例：大きい犬。(Ōkii inu.) - A big dog.

Question 18

小さい (ちいさい)

Accepted Answer

Small, little. (い-adjective)
例：小さい猫。(Chiisai neko.) - A small cat.

Question 19

高い (たかい)

Accepted Answer

Expensive, tall, high. (い-adjective)
例：この本は高いです。(Kono hon wa takai desu.) - This book is expensive.

Question 20

安い (やすい)

Accepted Answer

Cheap, inexpensive. (い-adjective)
例：この店は安いです。(Kono mise wa yasui desu.) - This shop is cheap.

Question 21

本 (ほん)

Accepted Answer

Book.
例：本を読みます。(Hon o yomimasu.) - I read a book.

Question 22

水 (みず)

Accepted Answer

Water.
例：水をください。(Mizu o kudasai.) - Please give me water.

Question 23

駅 (えき)

Accepted Answer

Station.
例：駅はどこですか。(Eki wa doko desu ka?) - Where is the station?

Question 24

今 (いま)

Accepted Answer

Now.
例：今、何時ですか。(Ima, nanji desu ka?) - What time is it now?

Question 25

今日 (きょう)

Accepted Answer

Today.
例：今日は月曜日です。(Kyō wa getsuyōbi desu.) - Today is Monday.

Japanese JLPT N5 - Essential Vocabulary & Particles

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