PMP Certification - Agile, Predictive & Hybrid Project Governance Flashcards

Question 1

PMBOK 7th Edition: 8 Performance Domains

Accepted Answer

1. Stakeholders
2. Team
3. Development Approach and Life Cycle
4. Planning
5. Project Work
6. Delivery
7. Measurement
8. Uncertainty

Question 2

Change Management: Predictive vs. Agile

Accepted Answer

- **Predictive:** Changes require formal Change Requests, impact analysis (cost, schedule, scope), and approval by a Change Control Board (CCB).
- **Agile:** Changes are embraced dynamically via Product Backlog refinement and prioritization by the Product Owner prior to Sprint commitments.

Question 3

Predictive vs. Adaptive (Agile) Life Cycles

Accepted Answer

**Predictive (Waterfall):** Scope, schedule, and cost are determined early in the project life cycle; changes are tightly controlled.
**Adaptive (Agile):** Scope is iteratively refined over iterations/sprints; schedule and cost are fixed while scope is fluid to maximize customer value.

Question 4

Hybrid Project Methodology

Accepted Answer

A combination of predictive and adaptive approaches. Often uses predictive governance for fixed elements (e.g., hardware design, compliance, infrastructure) and agile frameworks for iterative elements (e.g., software development, user interface design).

Question 5

Earned Value ($EV$) Formula & Concept

Accepted Answer

The measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budget authorized for that work.

$$
EV = 	ext{\% of work completed} 	imes 	ext{Budget at Completion (BAC)}
$$

Question 6

Cost Performance Index ($CPI$) Formula & Interpretation

Accepted Answer

A measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources.

$$
CPI = \frac{EV}{AC}
$$

- $CPI > 1.0$: Under budget (favorable)
- $CPI = 1.0$: On budget
- $CPI < 1.0$: Over budget (unfavorable)

Question 7

Schedule Performance Index ($SPI$) Formula & Interpretation

Accepted Answer

A measure of schedule efficiency.

$$
SPI = \frac{EV}{PV}
$$

- $SPI > 1.0$: Ahead of schedule (favorable)
- $SPI = 1.0$: On schedule
- $SPI < 1.0$: Behind schedule (unfavorable)

Question 8

Cost Variance ($CV$) and Schedule Variance ($SV$)

Accepted Answer

**Cost Variance:** $$ CV = EV - AC $$ ($CV > 0$ is under budget, $CV < 0$ is over budget) **Schedule Variance:** $$ SV = EV - PV $$ ($SV > 0$ is ahead of schedule, $SV < 0$ is behind schedule)

Question 9

Estimate at Completion ($EAC$) - Typical Formula

Accepted Answer

Expected total cost of completing all work based on current project performance continuing at the present cost efficiency ($CPI$):

$$
EAC = \frac{BAC}{CPI}
$$

Question 10

To-Complete Performance Index ($TCPI$)

Accepted Answer

The calculated cost performance index that must be achieved on remaining work to meet a specified target (e.g., $BAC$).

$$
TCPI = \frac{BAC - EV}{BAC - AC}
$$

- $TCPI > 1.0$: Harder to complete within budget
- $TCPI < 1.0$: Easier to complete within budget

Question 11

Servant Leadership Principles in Agile

Accepted Answer

A leadership style focused on serving the team by:
1. Removing impediments/blockers
2. Shielding the team from distractions
3. Facilitating collaboration rather than directing work
4. Empowering and encouraging team autonomy and growth

Question 12

Negative Risk Management Strategies

Accepted Answer

- **Escalate:** Risk is outside project authority.
- **Avoid:** Eliminate the threat or protect project from impact.
- **Mitigate:** Reduce probability or impact of the risk.
- **Transfer:** Shift ownership/impact to a third party (e.g., insurance, warranty).
- **Accept:** Acknowledge risk and take no proactive action (passive/active contingency).

Question 13

Positive Risk (Opportunity) Strategies

Accepted Answer

- **Escalate:** Opportunity is outside project boundary/authority.
- **Exploit:** Ensure the opportunity definitely happens (100% probability).
- **Enhance:** Increase probability or positive impact.
- **Share:** Allocate ownership to a third party better able to capture opportunity.
- **Accept:** Take advantage if it happens, but do not actively pursue.

Question 14

Tuckman Ladder of Team Development

Accepted Answer

1. **Forming:** Team meets, learns about project.
2. **Storming:** Conflict over ideas, roles, and priorities.
3. **Norming:** Team aligns, establishes trust and norms.
4. **Performing:** High productivity, autonomous execution.
5. **Adjourning:** Project completion, team releases.

Question 15

Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix

Accepted Answer

A matrix comparing current stakeholder engagement levels ($C$) against desired engagement levels ($D$).
Classifications include: **Unaware**, **Resistant**, **Neutral**, **Supportive**, and **Leading**.

Question 16

Core Agile Roles (Scrum)

Accepted Answer

- **Product Owner:** Defines product vision, prioritizes the Product Backlog, maximizes value delivery.
- **Scrum Master:** Facilitates Scrum processes, removes impediments, coaches team in agile practices.
- **Developers / Delivery Team:** Cross-functional team responsible for creating potentially shippable increments each Sprint.

Question 17

Core Agile Ceremonies (Scrum Events)

Accepted Answer

1. **Sprint Planning:** Define Sprint goal and backlog.
2. **Daily Standup:** 15-minute daily sync to align work and surface blockers.
3. **Sprint Review:** Demo working increment to stakeholders for feedback.
4. **Sprint Retrospective:** Inspect internal team performance and continuous improvement actions.

Question 18

Definition of Done (DoD) vs. Acceptance Criteria

Accepted Answer

- **Definition of Done (DoD):** Shared checklist of quality criteria required for *any* backlog item to be considered complete (e.g., unit tested, code reviewed, documented).
- **Acceptance Criteria:** Specific requirements unique to a single User Story that must be met to satisfy user needs.

Question 19

Conflict Resolution Techniques

Accepted Answer

- **Collaborating / Problem Solving:** Incorporates multiple viewpoints; creates consensus and long-term resolution (Win-Win).
- **Compromising / Reconciling:** Both parties give up something (Lose-Lose).
- **Forcing / Directing:** Pushing one's view at expense of others (Win-Lose).
- **Smoothing / Accommodating:** Emphasizing points of agreement, downplaying differences.
- **Withdrawing / Avoiding:** Postponing or retreating from the issue.

Question 20

MVP (Minimum Viable Product) vs. MMF (Minimum Marketable Feature)

Accepted Answer

- **Minimum Viable Product (MVP):** Smallest build used to validate assumptions and gather user feedback with minimal effort.
- **Minimum Marketable Feature (MMF):** Smallest chunk of functionality that delivers immediate value to end customers/market.

PMP Certification - Agile, Predictive & Hybrid Project Governance

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