Korean TOPIK I - Essential Vocabulary & Grammar (Levels 1-2) Flashcards

Question 1

Sino-Korean Numbers (1-5)

Accepted Answer

일 (il - 1), 이 (i - 2), 삼 (sam - 3), 사 (sa - 4), 오 (o - 5). Used for dates, money, phone numbers, addresses, minutes, etc.

Question 2

Common Greeting: Goodbye (to someone leaving) / Thank You

Accepted Answer

안녕히 가세요 (Annyeonghi gaseyo) - Goodbye (when you are staying and the other person is leaving). 감사합니다 (Gamsahamnida) - Thank you (polite).

Question 3

Native Korean Numbers (1-5)

Accepted Answer

하나 (hana - 1), 둘 (dul - 2), 셋 (set - 3), 넷 (net - 4), 다섯 (daseot - 5). Used for counting people/items, age, and hours.

Question 4

Common Phrase: Sorry / Excuse Me

Accepted Answer

죄송합니다 (Joesonghamnida) - I'm sorry (for a mistake or inconvenience). 실례합니다 (Sillyehamnida) - Excuse me (to get attention, pass by, or interrupt).

Question 5

Yes / No (Polite)

Accepted Answer

네 (Ne) / 예 (Ye) - Yes. 아니요 (Aniyo) - No. Used in polite conversations.

Question 6

Hangeul: Basic Vowels (모음)

Accepted Answer

ㅏ (a), ㅑ (ya), ㅓ (eo), ㅕ (yeo), ㅗ (o), ㅛ (yo), ㅜ (u), ㅠ (yu), ㅡ (eu), ㅣ (i). These are the fundamental sounds of Korean.

Question 7

Hangeul: Basic Consonants (자음)

Accepted Answer

ㄱ (g/k), ㄴ (n), ㄷ (d/t), ㄹ (r/l), ㅁ (m), ㅂ (b/p), ㅅ (s), ㅇ (silent/ng), ㅈ (j), ㅊ (ch), ㅋ (k), ㅌ (t), ㅍ (p), ㅎ (h). Learn their sounds and initial/final positions.

Question 8

Hangeul: Reading Syllables

Accepted Answer

Korean syllables are formed by combining consonants and vowels. They are read left-to-right, top-to-bottom. E.g., 가 (ga) = ㄱ + ㅏ; 한 (han) = ㅎ + ㅏ + ㄴ.

Question 9

Common Greeting: Hello / Goodbye (to someone staying)

Accepted Answer

안녕하세요 (Annyeonghaseyo) - Hello (polite). 안녕히 계세요 (Annyeonghi gyeseyo) - Goodbye (when you are leaving and the other person is staying).

Question 10

Basic Verb: To be (이다)

Accepted Answer

Used to state identity or classification. E.g., 학생입니다 (haksaeng-imnida - I am a student). Attaches directly to nouns and changes form based on politeness and preceding noun's ending (consonant/vowel).

Question 11

Basic Verbs: To have / To not have

Accepted Answer

있다 (itda) - To have, to exist, to be present. 없다 (eopda) - To not have, to not exist, to be absent. E.g., 책이 있어요 (chaeg-i isseoyo - I have a book).

Question 12

Basic Verb: To do / To study

Accepted Answer

하다 (hada) - To do. It's a versatile verb that often combines with nouns to form new verbs (e.g., 공부하다 - to study, 운동하다 - to exercise).

Question 13

Basic Verbs: To go / To come

Accepted Answer

가다 (gada) - To go. 오다 (oda) - To come. E.g., 학교에 가요 (hakgyo-e gayo - I go to school).

Question 14

Basic Adjectives: Good / Bad

Accepted Answer

좋다 (jota) - To be good. 나쁘다 (nappeuda) - To be bad. E.g., 날씨가 좋아요 (nalssi-ga joayo - The weather is good).

Question 15

Subject Particle: -은/는 (eun/neun)

Accepted Answer

Marks the topic of the sentence. -은 is used after a consonant-ending noun, -는 after a vowel-ending noun. It often emphasizes contrast or introduces new information. E.g., 저는 학생입니다 (Jeo-neun haksaeng-imnida - As for me, I am a student).

Question 16

Subject Particle: -이/가 (i/ga)

Accepted Answer

Marks the subject of the sentence. -이 is used after a consonant-ending noun, -가 after a vowel-ending noun. It emphasizes the subject itself, often used for new information or questions. E.g., 누가 왔어요? (Nuga wasseoyo? - Who came?).

Question 17

Object Particle: -을/를 (eul/reul)

Accepted Answer

Marks the direct object of a verb. -을 is used after a consonant-ending noun, -를 after a vowel-ending noun. E.g., 밥을 먹어요 (bab-eul meogeoyo - I eat rice).

Question 18

Location Particle: -에 (e)

Accepted Answer

Indicates a destination (to), a static location (at/in), or time (at/on). E.g., 집에 가요 (jib-e gayo - I go home). 학교에 있어요 (hakgyo-e isseoyo - I am at school).

Question 19

Simple Declarative Ending (Formal Polite)

Accepted Answer

-ㅂ니다 (mnida) / -습니다 (seumnida). Used for formal statements. -ㅂ니다 after a vowel-ending verb stem, -습니다 after a consonant-ending verb stem. E.g., 갑니다 (gamnida - I go). 먹습니다 (meokseumnida - I eat).

Question 20

Simple Interrogative Ending (Formal Polite)

Accepted Answer

-ㅂ니까 (mnikka) / -습니까 (seumnikka). Used for formal questions. -ㅂ니까 after a vowel-ending verb stem, -습니까 after a consonant-ending verb stem. E.g., 갑니까? (gamnikka? - Do you go?). 먹습니까? (meokseumnikka? - Do you eat?).

Question 21

Simple Declarative/Interrogative Ending (Informal Polite)

Accepted Answer

-아요 (ayo) / -어요 (eoyo). This is the most common everyday polite ending. -아요 after stems ending in ㅏ/ㅗ, -어요 for others. E.g., 가요 (gayo - I go/Do you go?). 먹어요 (meogeoyo - I eat/Do you eat?).

Question 22

Simple Imperative Ending (Polite)

Accepted Answer

-으세요 (euseyo) / -세요 (seyo). Used to give polite commands or requests. -으세요 after a consonant-ending verb stem, -세요 after a vowel-ending verb stem. E.g., 앉으세요 (anjeuseyo - Please sit). 가세요 (gaseyo - Please go).

Korean TOPIK I - Essential Vocabulary & Grammar (Levels 1-2)

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