Flashcard Deck · 25 cards · Public

JLPT N4 - Intermediate Japanese Grammar, Particles & High-Frequency Kanji

Master essential JLPT N4 Japanese grammar, particles, and high-frequency kanji with this comprehensive flashcard deck. Bridge the gap to intermediate fluency by conquering key structures like conditionals, potential forms, and crucial compound vocabulary.
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(25 cards)

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#1
Term
〜てはいけない (te wa ikenai)
Definition
Expresses prohibition or "must not do".
  • Formation: Verb て-form + は + いけない/だめだ
  • Example: ここで写真を撮ってはいけません。(Koko de shashin o totte wa ikemasen.) - You must not take photos here.
#2
Term
〜てもいい (temo ii)
Definition
Expresses permission or "may do / it's okay to do".
  • Formation: Verb て-form + も + いい
  • Example: ここで写真を撮ってもいいです。(Koko de shashin o totte mo ii desu.) - You may take photos here.
#3
Term
〜なければならない (nakereba naranai)
Definition
Expresses obligation or "must do / have to do".
  • Formation: Verb ない-form (drop い) + ければならない/いけない
  • Example: 宿題をしなければなりません。(Shukudai o shinakereba narimasen.) - I must do my homework.
#4
Term
〜がする (ga suru)
Definition
Expresses sensing or feeling something (sound, smell, taste, feeling).
  • Formation: Noun + が + する
  • Example: 変な音がする。(Hen na oto ga suru.) - I hear a strange sound.
  • Example: いい匂いがする。(Ii nioi ga suru.) - It smells good.
#5
Term
Potential Form (Group 1 verbs)
Definition
Expresses ability or "can do".
  • Formation: Change final う-sound to え-sound + る
  • Example: 読む (yomu) → 読める (yomeru) - can read
  • Example: 泳ぐ (oyogu) → 泳げる (oyogeru) - can swim
#6
Term
Potential Form (Group 2 verbs)
Definition
Expresses ability or "can do".
  • Formation: Drop る + られる
  • Example: 食べる (taberu) → 食べられる (taberareru) - can eat
  • Example: 見る (miru) → 見られる (mirareru) - can see
#7
Term
Potential Form (Irregular verbs)
Definition
Expresses ability or "can do" for irregular verbs.
  • する (suru) → できる (dekiru) - can do
  • 来る (kuru) → 来られる (korareru) - can come
#8
Term
〜たら (tara) Conditional
Definition
"If/When" - expresses a conditional or hypothetical situation, or a sequential action. Often implies a result.
  • Formation: Verb た-form + ら
  • Example: 雨が降ったら、出かけません。(Ame ga futtara, dekakemasen.) - If it rains, I won't go out.
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