HSK 3 - Intermediate Chinese Vocabulary, Grammar & Character Recognition Flashcards

Question 1

Grammar: Comparative Sentences with 比 (bǐ)

Accepted Answer

**Structure:** A + 比 + B + Adjective
**Meaning:** A is more [Adjective] than B.

**Example:**
今天比昨天冷。(Jīntiān bǐ zuótiān lěng.) - *Today is colder than yesterday.*

**Degree Modifiers:** To specify degree, place it *after* the adjective:
- A + 比 + B + Adj + 一点儿 / 多了 / 很多
- 他比我高一点儿。(He is a little taller than me.)

Question 2

Grammar: Expressing Action Duration with 了 (le)

Accepted Answer

**Completed Action Duration:** Verb + 了 + Duration + (Object)
- 我学了两年汉语。(I studied Chinese for two years—and stopped.)

**Ongoing Action Duration:** Verb + 了 + Duration + Object + 了
- 我学了两年汉语了。(I have been studying Chinese for two years—and still am.)

Question 3

Grammar: Separable Verbs (离合词 líhécí)

Accepted Answer

**Concept:** Verbs composed of a verb + noun object that split to insert duration, frequency, or modifiers.

**Common Examples:**
- **睡觉** (shuìjiào): 睡了一个好觉 (slept a good sleep)
- **见面** (jiànmiàn): 见个面 (meet up for a bit)
- **跑步** (pǎobù): 跑了一小时步 (ran for an hour)

*Rule:* Never put duration or object directly after the entire separable verb!

Question 4

Grammar: Resultative Complements (结果补语)

Accepted Answer

**Structure:** Verb + Result Complement (完, 到, 见, 懂, 清楚, 成)
**Meaning:** Indicates the outcome or result of an action.

**Examples:**
- **看完** (kàn wán): finish reading/watching
- **听懂** (tīng dǒng): understand through listening
- **找到** (zhǎo dào): successfully find

**Negative:** 没 + Verb + Complement (e.g., 我没听懂 - I didn't understand).

Question 5

Grammar: Conjunction 虽然……但是…… (suīrán... dànshì...)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Although... but... / Even though... yet...
**Structure:** 虽然 + Clause 1, 但是/可是 + Clause 2

**Example:**
虽然汉语很难，但是很有趣。
(Suīrán Hànyǔ hěn nán, dànshì hěn yǒuqù.)
*Although Chinese is difficult, it is very interesting.*

Question 6

Grammar: Conjunction 不但……而且…… (búdàn... érqiě...)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Not only... but also...
**Structure:** Subject + 不向 + Feature 1, 而且 + Feature 2

**Example:**
他不但会说汉语，而且说得很好。
(Tā búdàn huì shuō Hànyǔ, érqiě shuō de hěn hǎo.)
*He not only speaks Chinese, but speaks it very well.*

Question 7

Grammar: Conjunction 如果……就…… (rúguǒ... jiù...)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** If... then...
**Structure:** 如果 + Condition, (Subject) + 就 + Result

**Example:**
如果明天下雨，我们就不下公园去。
(Rúguǒ míngtiān xià yǔ, wǒmen jiù bù qù gōngyuán le.)
*If it rains tomorrow, then we won't go to the park.*

Question 8

Vocabulary: 以为 (yǐwéi) vs. 觉得 (juéde)

Accepted Answer

**觉得 (juéde):** To feel / think (general opinion).
- 我觉得这双鞋很漂亮。(I think these shoes are pretty.)

**以为 (yǐwéi):** To mistakenly think / assume (implies the thought turned out to be false).
- 我以为今天是星期五。(I thought today was Friday—turns out it's not.)

Question 9

Grammar: Passive Sentences with 被 (bèi)

Accepted Answer

**Structure:** Receiver + 被 + Doer + Verb + Other Element
**Meaning:** Expresses passive voice, often associated with negative or unfortunate events.

**Example:**
我的蛋糕被他吃了。(Wǒ de dànɡāo bèi tā chī le.)
*My cake was eaten by him.*

*Note:* In spoken Chinese, 让 (ràng) or 叫 (jiào) can replace 被.

Question 10

Grammar: Disposal Construction with 把 (bǎ)

Accepted Answer

**Structure:** Subject + 把 + Specific Object + Verb + Result/Direction
**Meaning:** Emphasizes what action is done to an object and how it changes state.

**Example:**
请把门关上。(Qǐng bǎ mén guān shàng.)
*Please close the door.*

*Rule:* The object must be known/specific to both speaker and listener.

Question 11

Vocabulary: Essential Measure Words (量词)

Accepted Answer

Key HSK 3 Measure Words:
- **把 (bǎ):** Objects with handles or held by hand (一把伞 - umbrella, 一把椅子 - chair)
- **瓶 (píng):** Bottled liquids (一瓶水 - bottle of water)
- **件 (jiàn):** Clothing, gifts, affairs (一件衣服 - a piece of clothing)
- **张 (zhāng):** Flat objects (一张纸 - paper, 一张桌子 - table)
- **条 (tiáo):** Long, thin, flexible items (一条鱼 - fish, 一条裤子 - pants)

Question 12

Vocabulary: Adverbs of Frequency & Degree (总是, 经常, 偶尔, 几乎)

Accepted Answer

**Frequency & Extent Words:**
- **总是 (zǒngshì):** Always
- **经常 (jīngcháng):** Often / Frequently
- **偶尔 (ǒu'ěr):** Occasionally / Seldom
- **几乎 (jīhū):** Almost / Nearly

**Example:** 他几乎每天都去运动。(He almost goes to exercise every day.)

Question 13

Vocabulary: Decision & Action Verbs (决定, 解决, 选择)

Accepted Answer

**Essential HSK 3 Action Verbs:**
- **决定 (juédìng):** To decide / Decision
  *例:* 我决定出国留学。(I decided to study abroad.)
- **解决 (jiějué):** To solve / resolve
  *例:* 解决问题 (Solve a problem)
- **选择 (xuǎnzé):** To choose / Option
  *例:* 你选择哪一个？(Which one do you choose?)

Question 14

Grammar: Auxiliary Verbs for Probability & Obligation (可能, 应该, 必须)

Accepted Answer

**Modal Verbs:**
- **可能 (kěnéng):** Possible / Might / Maybe
- **应该 (yīnggāi):** Should / Ought to
- **必须 (bìxū):** Must / Have to

**Example:**
明天可能会下雨，你必须带伞。(It might rain tomorrow, you must bring an umbrella.)

Question 15

Grammar: As Soon As... Then... (一……就……)

Accepted Answer

**Structure:** Subject + 一 + Action 1 + 就 + Action 2
**Meaning:** Indicates Action 2 happens immediately after Action 1.

**Example:**
他一回家就看电视。(Tā yì huíjiā jiù kàn diànshì.)
*As soon as he arrives home, he watches TV.*

Question 16

Grammar: Directional Complements (趋向补语)

Accepted Answer

**Structure:** Verb + Directional Word (来 / 去 / 上来 / 出来 / 起来)
- **来 (lái):** Movement towards the speaker.
- **去 (qù):** Movement away from the speaker.

**Examples:**
- 进来 (jìn lái): Come in
- 跑出去 (pǎo chū qù): Run out
- 站起来 (zhàn qǐ lái): Stand up

Question 17

Grammar: Similarity with 像……一样 (xiàng... yíyàng)

Accepted Answer

**Structure:** A + 像 + B + 一样 (+ Adjective)
**Meaning:** A is (just) like B / A is as [Adj] as B.

**Example:**
她像她妈妈一样漂亮。(Tā xiàng tā māma yíyàng piàoliang.)
*She is as pretty as her mother.*

Question 18

Vocabulary: Connecting Phrases (另外, 除了……以外, 关于)

Accepted Answer

**Essential Transitions:**
- **另外 (lìngwài):** In addition / Furthermore / Another
- **除了……以外 (chúle... yǐwài):** Except for... / Besides...
- **关于 (guānyú):** Regarding / Concerning / About...

**Example:** 除了苹果以外，我还喜欢吃香蕉。(Besides apples, I also like bananas.)

Question 19

Character Recognition: Distinguish 借 (jiè) vs. 错 (cuò) vs. 换 (huàn)

Accepted Answer

**Character Analysis:**
- **借 (jiè):** Person radical (亻) + 昔 → To borrow / lend.
- **错 (cuò):** Metal radical (钅) + 昔 → Wrong / Mistake.
- **换 (huàn):** Hand radical (扌) + 奂 → To change / exchange.

**Sample Usage:**
借书 (borrow books) | 看错 (misread) | 换钱 (exchange money)

Question 20

Grammar: Reduplication of Verbs (动词重叠)

Accepted Answer

**Concept:** Reduplicating a verb softens the tone and implies a short, casual, or relaxed action.

**Patterns:**
- **AA:** 看看 (have a look), 试试 (try it out)
- **A一A:** 看一看 (have a quick look)
- **ABAB:** 休息休息 (relax a bit), 讨论讨论 (discuss a bit)
- **AAB (Separable):** 散散步 (take a short stroll)

HSK 3 - Intermediate Chinese Vocabulary, Grammar & Character Recognition

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