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CompTIA Network+ (N10-008) - IP Addressing, Subnetting & Protocols

Master essential CompTIA Network+ (N10-008) concepts including IPv4/IPv6 subnetting, critical TCP/UDP port numbers, dynamic routing protocols, and 802.11 wireless standards.
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#1
Term
Subnetting Calculation: /26 Subnet Mask and Host Count
Definition
For a /26 IPv4 subnet mask:
  • Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
  • Host Bits ():
  • Total Usable Hosts: usable host addresses per subnet.
#2
Term
Wildcard Mask Calculation
Definition
To calculate the wildcard mask for any subnet mask, subtract each octet from 255.255.255.255:
For 255.255.255.240 (/28):
255.255.255.255 - 255.255.255.240 = 0.0.0.15
The wildcard mask is 0.0.0.15.
#3
Term
Usable Host Calculation Formula
Definition
The formula to determine the usable IP addresses in an IPv4 subnet with host bits is:
Note: Two addresses are subtracted for the Network Address (all host bits 0) and Broadcast Address (all host bits 1).
#4
Term
Ports: Secure Administration (SSH, Telnet, RDP)
Definition
Common remote management ports:
  • SSH (Secure Shell): TCP 22 (Encrypted command line)
  • Telnet: TCP 23 (Unencrypted command line)
  • RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol): TCP 3389 (Graphical remote access)
#5
Term
Ports: Web Services & Name Resolution (HTTP, HTTPS, DNS)
Definition
Core web and name service ports:
  • HTTP: TCP 80 (Unencrypted web traffic)
  • HTTPS: TCP 443 (TLS/SSL encrypted web traffic)
  • DNS: UDP/TCP 53 (UDP for standard lookups, TCP for zone transfers)
#6
Term
Ports: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Definition
DHCP uses UDP ports for automated IP assignment:
  • DHCP Server: UDP 67
  • DHCP Client: UDP 68
  • Key Process: DORA (Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge)
#7
Term
Ports: Email Protocols (SMTP, POP3, IMAP)
Definition
Email communication ports:
  • SMTP: TCP 25 (Plaintext relay), TCP 587 (Secure submission)
  • POP3: TCP 110 (Unsecure download), TCP 995 (Secure SSL/TLS)
  • IMAP: TCP 143 (Unsecure sync), TCP 993 (Secure SSL/TLS)
#8
Term
IPv6 Address Type: Link-Local
Definition
An IPv6 Link-Local address is used for non-routable communication within a single local segment.
  • Prefix: Always begins with fe80::/10 (typically fe80::)
  • Assignment: Automatically generated via SLAAC or EUI-64 if no static IP is configured.
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