JLPT N2 - Upper-Intermediate Kanji, Grammar & Idiomatic Expressions Flashcards

Question 1

Grammar: 〜にともなって (伴って)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** As...; alongside; in accordance with; as a result of.
**Usage:** Verb-dictionary form + にともなって / Noun + にともなって
**Nuance:** Expresses that as one change occurs, another change happens concurrently.
**Example:**
人口[じんこう]の増加[ぞうか]にともなって、住宅問題[じゅうたくもんだい]が深刻化[しんこくか]している。
*(As the population increases, housing problems are becoming more severe.)*

Question 2

Grammar: 〜わけがない

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** There is no way that...; it is impossible that...
**Usage:** Plain form + わけがない (Na-adj + な / Noun + の)
**Nuance:** Strong logical deduction or categorical denial based on objective evidence.
**Example:**
こんなに難しい[むずかしい]試験[しけん]に、一回[いっかい]で合格[ごうかく]できるわけがない。
*(There is no way I can pass such a difficult exam on the first try.)*

Question 3

Grammar: 〜をめぐって (を巡って)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Concerning; regarding; over (a dispute or debate)
**Usage:** Noun + をめぐって
**Nuance:** Used when a central topic triggers conflict, discussion, or debate among multiple parties.
**Example:**
新[あたら]しい政策[せいさく]をめぐって、議会[ぎかい]で激しい[はげしい]議論[ぎろん]が交わされた[かわされた]。
*(A heated debate took place in parliament concerning the new policy.)*

Question 4

Kanji Compound: 矛盾 (むじゅん)

Accepted Answer

**Readings:** 矛 (む - spear) / 盾 (じゅん - shield)
**Meaning:** Contradiction, inconsistency.
**Nuance:** Points out two statements, claims, or actions that logically conflict with each other.
**Example:**
彼[かれ]の発言[はつげん]は行動[こうどう]と矛盾[むじゅん]している。
*(His statements contradict his actions.)*

Question 5

Kanji Compound: 概要 (がいよう)

Accepted Answer

**Readings:** 概 (ガイ - outline/general) / 要 (ヨウ - essential/point)
**Meaning:** Summary, outline, overview.
**Nuance:** Focuses on the core essence and essential points of a plan, document, or project.
**Example:**
会議[かいぎ]で新[あたら]しいプロジェクトの概要[がいよう]を説明[せつめい]した。
*(I explained the summary of the new project at the meeting.)*

Question 6

Grammar: 〜にかけては

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** When it comes to...; in terms of excellence in...
**Usage:** Noun + において / にかけては
**Nuance:** Expresses high praise that someone is unmatched in a specific skill or field.
**Example:**
足[あし]の速さ[はやさ]にかけては、誰[だれ]にも負けない[まけない]。
*(When it comes to running speed, I lose to no one.)*

Question 7

Grammar: 〜に相違ない (にそういない)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Without a doubt; certainly; there is no mistake that...
**Usage:** Plain form + に相違ない (Na-adj / Noun omit だ)
**Nuance:** Formal written expression showing high confidence based on clear facts.
**Example:**
犯人[はんにん]は現場[げんば]に指紋[しもん]を残した[のこした]に相違ない。
*(Without a doubt, the criminal left fingerprints at the scene.)*

Question 8

Kanji Compound: 延期 (えんき)

Accepted Answer

**Readings:** 延 (エン / の-びる - extend/postpone) / 期 (キ - period/time)
**Meaning:** Postponement, deferment.
**Nuance:** Moving a pre-scheduled event to a later date.
**Example:**
悪天候[あくてんこう]のため、試合[しあい]は来週[らいしゅう]に延期[えんき]された。
*(Due to bad weather, the match was postponed until next week.)*

Question 9

Grammar: 〜ざるを得ない (ざるをおえない)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Cannot help but...; have no choice but to...
**Usage:** Verb-ナイ形 (drop ない) + ざるを得ない (Exception: する -> せざるを得ない)
**Nuance:** Indicates being forced to do something reluctantly due to circumstances.
**Example:**
台風[たいふう]が接近[せっきん]しているため、イベントを中止[ちゅうし]せざるを得ない。
*(With the typhoon approaching, we have no choice but to cancel the event.)*

Question 10

Idiom (四字熟語): 一石二鳥 (いっせきにちょう)

Accepted Answer

**Literal Meaning:** One stone, two birds.
**Meaning:** Killing two birds with one stone; gaining two benefits from a single action.
**Example:**
通勤時間[つうきんじかん]に英語[えいご]を勉強[べんきょう]すれば、時間[じかん]の節約[せつやく]にもなって一石二鳥[いっせきにちょう]だ。
*(Studying English during my commute saves time and builds skills—killing two birds with one stone.)*

Question 11

Grammar: 〜に際して (にさいして)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** On the occasion of...; prior to starting...
**Usage:** Noun / Verb-dictionary form + に際して
**Nuance:** Formal expression used when undertaking an important, planned event or process.
**Example:**
契約[けいやく]を締結[ていけつ]するに際して、条件[じょうけん]を再確認[さいかくにん]した。
*(Upon signing the contract, we reconfirmed the terms.)*

Question 12

Kanji Compound: 抽象的 (ちゅうしょうてき)

Accepted Answer

**Readings:** 抽 (チュウ - extract) / 象 (ショウ - image) / 的 (テキ - target/suffix)
**Meaning:** Abstract, conceptual.
**Antonym:** 具体的[ぐたいてき] (concrete)
**Example:**
彼[かれ]の説明[せつめい]は抽象的[ちゅうしょうてき]で分かりにくい。
*(His explanation is abstract and hard to follow.)*

Question 13

Grammar: 〜恐れがある (おそれがある)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** There is a danger/risk that...; it is feared that...
**Usage:** Noun + の / Verb-dictionary form + 恐れがある
**Nuance:** News or formal warning language regarding a potentially negative outcome.
**Example:**
大雨[おおあめ]により、土砂崩れ[どしゃくずれ]が発生[はっせい]する恐れ[おそれ]があります。
*(Due to heavy rain, there is a risk of landslides occurring.)*

Question 14

Idiom: 喉から手が出る (のどからてがでる)

Accepted Answer

**Literal Meaning:** A hand comes out of one's throat.
**Meaning:** To desire something so intensely that one can hardly contain oneself.
**Example:**
最新[さいしん]のゲーム機[き]が喉[のど]から手[て]が出るほど欲しい[ほしい]。
*(I want the latest gaming console so badly I can taste it.)*

Question 15

Grammar: 〜をこめて (を込めて)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Filled with...; put into (emotions/wishes)
**Usage:** Noun (emotion/feeling words like 心, 愛, 祈り) + をこめて
**Nuance:** Emphasizes putting heartfelt emotion or sincere intention into an action.
**Example:**
心[こころ]を込めて[こめて]手紙[てがみ]を書いた[かいた]。
*(I wrote the letter with all my heart.)*

Question 16

Kanji Compound: 慎重 (しんちょう)

Accepted Answer

**Readings:** 慎 (シン / つつし-む - discreet) / 重 (チョウ / おも-い - heavy/serious)
**Meaning:** Prudent, cautious, discreet.
**Antonym:** 軽率[けいそつ] (rash, careless)
**Example:**
重大[じゅうだい]な決定[けってい]を下す[くだす]前に、慎重[しんちょう]に検討[けんとう]すべきだ。
*(Before making a major decision, we should examine it with caution.)*

Question 17

Grammar: 〜に限らず (にかぎらず)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Not limited to...; not only... (but also...)
**Usage:** Noun + に限らず
**Nuance:** Broadens the scope beyond a specific example to include a wider category.
**Example:**
最近[さいきん]は若者[わかもと]に限らず[にかぎらず]、高齢者[こうれいしゃ]もスマホを使っている。
*(Recently, not only young people but also elderly people are using smartphones.)*

Question 18

Grammar: 〜にほかならない

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Nothing other than...; none other than...
**Usage:** Noun + にほかならない / 〜から + にほかならない
**Nuance:** Assertive formal structure pointing out the single definitive reason or truth.
**Example:**
彼[かれ]の成功[せいこう]は努力[どりょく]の成果[せいか]にほかならない。
*(His success is nothing other than the result of hard work.)*

Question 19

Kanji Compound: 妥協 (だきょう)

Accepted Answer

**Readings:** 妥 (ダ - gentle/settled) / 協 (キョウ - cooperate)
**Meaning:** Compromise, concession.
**Usage:** 妥協[だきょう]する (to compromise)
**Example:**
品質[ひんしつ]の維持[いじ]のため、デザインにおいて一切[いっさい]妥協[だきょう]しない。
*(To maintain quality, we do not compromise on design in any way.)*

Question 20

Grammar: 〜に違いない (にちがいない)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Must be...; I am certain that...
**Usage:** Plain form + に違いない (Na-adj / Noun drop だ)
**Nuance:** Expresses strong subjective conviction based on evidence or context.
**Example:**
部屋[へや]の明かり[あかり]がついているから、彼[かれ]は家[いえ]にいるに違いない。
*(The room lights are on, so he must be at home.)*

JLPT N2 - Upper-Intermediate Kanji, Grammar & Idiomatic Expressions

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