JLPT N2 - Upper-Intermediate Japanese Grammar, Kanji & Reading Vocab Flashcards

Question 1

Grammar: ～わけにはいかない (-wake ni wa ikanai)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Cannot afford to / Must not (due to social, moral, or situational obligation).

**Usage:** Verb (Dictionary Form) + わけにはいかない

**Example:** 車で来たので、お酒を飲むわけにはいきません。(Since I came by car, I cannot afford to drink alcohol.)

Question 2

Grammar: ～にしては (-ni shite wa)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** For... / Considering that... (expresses surprise at an outcome relative to a expectation).

**Usage:** Noun / Verb (Plain Form) + にしては

**Example:** 彼は日本語を勉強し始めて半年にしては、とても上手だ。(For someone who started studying Japanese only six months ago, he is very good.)

Question 3

Grammar: ～をめぐって (-o megutte)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Concerning / Surrounding / Regarding (a dispute, discussion, or rumor among multiple parties).

**Usage:** Noun + をめぐって

**Example:** 遺産相続をめぐって、親族間で争いが起きた。(A dispute arose among relatives concerning the inheritance.)

Question 4

Grammar: ～ざるを得ない (-zaru o enai)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Cannot help but... / Have no choice but to...

**Usage:** Verb (Nai-stem) + ざるを得ない
*Note:* する becomes せざるを得ない

**Example:** 証拠が提出された以上、事実を認めざるを得ない。(Given that evidence has been presented, I have no choice but to admit the facts.)

Question 5

Grammar: ～に際して / ～にあたって (-ni saishite / -ni atatte)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** On the occasion of / Prior to / When starting (used in formal settings).

**Usage:** Noun / Verb (Dictionary Form) + に際して

**Example:** 新事業を開始するに際して、十分な市場調査を行った。(On the occasion of starting the new business, we conducted thorough market research.)

Question 6

Grammar: ～かねない (-kanenai)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Might / Could well / Is in danger of (expressing fear of a negative outcome).

**Usage:** Verb (Masu-stem) + かねない

**Example:** このまま放置すれば、大きな事故を引き起こしかねない。(If left unattended, it could well cause a major accident.)

Question 7

Grammar: ～かねる (-kaneru)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Unable to / Cannot (polite, formal refusal due to social or psychological constraint).

**Usage:** Verb (Masu-stem) + かねる

**Example:** 個人情報に関わるお問い合わせには、お答えかねます。(We are unable to answer inquiries involving personal information.)

Question 8

Keigo: Sonkeigo (尊敬語) vs. Kenjougo (謙譲語)

Accepted Answer

**Sonkeigo (Honorific):** Elevates the listener or third party to show respect.
**Kenjougo (Humble):** Lowers the speaker's actions to show respect to the recipient.

**Example (To go / come):**
- Sonkeigo: いらっしゃる (Irassharu)
- Kenjougo: 伺う (Ukagau) / 参る (Mairu)

Question 9

Keigo: "To See / Look" (見る)

Accepted Answer

**Sonkeigo (Honorific):** ご覧になる (Goran ni naru)
**Kenjougo (Humble):** 拝見する (Haiken suru)

**Example:**
- 先生、この資料をごらんになりましたか。(Teacher, did you look at these documents?)
- メールを拝見いたしました。(I have reviewed your email.)

Question 10

Keigo: "To Say / Speak" (言う)

Accepted Answer

**Sonkeigo (Honorific):** おっしゃる (Ossharu)
**Kenjougo (Humble):** 申す (Mousu) / 申し上げる (Moushiageru)

**Example:**
- 社長は何とおっしゃいましたか。(What did the company president say?)
- 私から担当者に申し伝えます。(I will convey that to the person in charge.)

Question 11

Keigo: "To Know" (知っている)

Accepted Answer

**Sonkeigo (Honorific):** ご存知だ / ご存知である (Gozonji da)
**Kenjougo (Humble):** 存じております (Zonjite orimasu) / 存じ上げる (Zonjiageru)

**Example:**
- その件につきましては、深く存じております。(I am deeply aware of that matter.)

Question 12

Compound Verbs: 取り組む vs. 引き受ける

Accepted Answer

**取り組む (Torikumu):** To tackle / work diligently on a complex problem or project.
**引き受ける (Hikiukeru):** To undertake / take responsibility for / accept a duty.

**Example:** 新規プロジェクトに全員で取り組む。(We will all work together to tackle the new project.)

Question 13

Compound Verbs: 打ち消す & 払い戻す

Accepted Answer

**打ち消す (Uchikesu):** To deny / refute / drown out (a rumor or noise).
**払い戻す (Haraimodosu):** To refund / reimburse.

**Example:** 不良品だったため、代金を払い戻してもらった。(Because it was defective, I had the payment refunded.)

Question 14

Reading & Vocab: 契約 (Keiyaku) & 景気 (Keiki)

Accepted Answer

**契約 (けいやく - Keiyaku):** Contract / formal agreement.
**景気 (けいき - Keiki):** Business conditions / economic climate.

**Example:** 景気の後退に伴い、新しい契約が減少している。(Along with the economic downturn, new contracts are decreasing.)

Question 15

Grammar: ～に沿って (-ni sotte)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Along / In accordance with / Following (a plan, policy, line, or river).

**Usage:** Noun + に沿って

**Example:** マニュアルの指示に沿って作業を進めてください。(Please proceed with the work in accordance with the manual's instructions.)

Question 16

Grammar: ～に相違ない (-ni souinai)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Without a doubt / Surely (formal equivalent of ～に違いない).

**Usage:** Plain form of Verbs/Adjectives / Noun + に相違ない

**Example:** 現場に残された足跡から、犯人はこの男に相違ない。(Based on footprints left at the scene, the culprit is undoubtedly this man.)

Question 17

Grammar: ～に伴って (-ni tomonatte)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** As... / Accompanying / Along with (proportional change or consequential outcome).

**Usage:** Noun / Verb (Dictionary Form) + に伴って

**Example:** 人口の減少に伴って、地方の公共交通機関が減少している。(Along with the decrease in population, local public transportation is declining.)

Question 18

Reading & Vocab: 慎重 (Shinchou) vs. 深刻 (Shinkoku)

Accepted Answer

**慎重 (しんちょう - Shinchou):** Prudent / cautious / deliberate.
**深刻 (しんこく - Shinkoku):** Serious / grave / severe (e.g., problems, shortages).

**Example:** 環境破壊は深刻な問題であり、慎重な対応が求められる。(Environmental destruction is a serious problem, and a cautious response is required.)

Question 19

Grammar: ～を契機に (-o keiki ni)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** Prompted by... / Taking advantage of... / As a result of (a key opportunity or turning point).

**Usage:** Noun + を契機に

**Example:** 定年退職を契機に、新しい趣味として絵画を始めた。(Prompted by my retirement, I took up painting as a new hobby.)

Question 20

Grammar: ～わけがない (-wake ga nai)

Accepted Answer

**Meaning:** There is no way that... / Absolutely impossible that...

**Usage:** Verb/i-adj (plain) / na-adj (+な) / Noun (+の) + わけがない

**Example:** しっかり準備したのだから、失敗するわけがない。(Since we prepared thoroughly, there is no way we will fail.)

JLPT N2 - Upper-Intermediate Japanese Grammar, Kanji & Reading Vocab

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